Amiodarone's major metabolite, desethylamiodarone, induces apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells

Previously, we found that desethylamiodarone (DEA) may have therapeutic potentiality in bladder cancer. In this study, we determined its effects on human cervical cancer cells (HeLa). Cell viability was evaluated by Muse Cell Count & Viability Assay; cell apoptosis was detected by Muse Annexin V & Dead Cell Assay. Cell cycle was flow cytometrically determined by Muse Cell Cycle Kit and the morphological changes of the cells were observed under a fluorescence microscope after Hoechst 33342 staining. The changes in the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins in the HeLa cells were assessed by immunoblot. Our results showed that DEA significantly inhibited the proliferation and viability of HeLa cells and induced apoptosis in vitro in dose-dependent and also in cell cycle-dependent manner because DEA induced G0/G1 phase arrest in the HeLa cell line. We found that DEA treatment downregulated the expression of phospho-Akt and phospho-Bad. In addition, DEA could downregulate expression of Bcl-2, upregulate Bax, and induce cytochrome c release. Our results indicate that DEA might have significance as an anti-tumor agent against human cervical cancer.