Thermal Model for Heat Transfer in Photovoltaic Modules - What Meaning Does Validation Hold?

There are several papers describing the thermal model of photovoltaics in literature, followed by validation of the proposed model. These models are usually compared to locally sourced data and the term "validated" is used when statistical indexes show acceptable similarity between the simulation and experimental data. However, the applicability of such models in different scenarios (e.g. climate) is often neglected. Hence in this paper, two main factors affecting the reliability of such models were identified: 1) scale of installation and 2) surrounding environmental conditions. Both factors were analyzed with literature and discussed. Finally, guidelines are proposed for future research on the salient points to note and suggestions to improve the reliability of future reports.