Removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions by raw and alkali-treated Degla Beida stone

The purpose of this work was to study the feasibility of removing Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions using specific type of date stones, Degla Beida (DB), using batch adsorption technique. The characterization by FT-IR analysis before and after the treatment process, during this study, has shown the presence of different functional groups. scanning electron microscope was used to analyze the surface change of the DB stone before and after alkali treatment. Batch experiments were conducted in order to measure the effects of different parameters on adsorption of Pb(II) ions, such as pH, contact time, amount of adsorbent, and ionic strength (CaCl2). The equilibrium adsorption data were interpreted using the Langmuir and Freundlich models, which shown that the Langmuir isotherm model fits the best with the highest determination coefficient R-2 value. The kinetic studies shown that the adsorption of the Pb(II) ions onto raw and alkali-treated DB stones correspond to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model.