Time-resolved fluorescence and photon migration studies in biomedical and model random media

This review highlights time-resolved fluorescence kinetics and photon transport in tissues and other biomedical media with a special emphasis on ultrafast measurements of key optical parameters. Measurements of fluorescence decay lifetimes from human breast and atherosclerotic artery tissues in the uv and visible region are described after a brief description of fundamentals of fluorescence kinetics. A time-dependent diffusion model for photon migration and various ultrafast methods for time-resolved light scattering measurements to obtain key optical parameters of tissues and other model turbid media are presented. The usefulness of optical parameters as markers in optical diagnostics and imaging is considered. Time-gated measurements of ballistic and snake photons to obtain shadowgrams and an inverse numerical reconstruction of the interior map of a turbid medium from time-resolved data in the context of optical tomography are presented.