Precise Timing for Vehicle Navigation in the Smart City: An Overview

This article focuses on position, navigation, and time (PNT) applications for smart city mobility services, in particular those applicable to highly automated vehicles (HAVs). We examine precise timing applications that are being experimented from a PNT perspective. Aspects discussed include precision timing requirements for HAV, whether or not these can be met by evolving GNSS services or onboard systems, and if not, what PNT instances, if any, can be economically deployed to enable the levels of autonomy that are currently expected.