Clinical manifestations and treatment of bipolar disorder (BPD) in children and adolescents, an evidence-based up-to-date approximation

The phenomenology of pediatric bipolar disorder is different from the classical presentation of this disorder in adults as indicated by high rates of psychotic symptoms, episodes and rapid cycling, longer duration of episodes and the presence of subsindromatic symptoms For long periods. The long-term outcome of patients with pediatric onset is worse than those with adult onset. In the last decade, pharmacological research has increased, showing that the response to treatment in children and adolescents is different from that of adults, being better with the combination of psychotropic drugs. Psychosocial interventions involve psychoeducation and skills training can be an alternative treatment for children and adolescents at risk for bipolar disorder.