Interpreting differentiation landscapes in the light of long-term linked selection

Identifying genomic regions underlying adaptation in extant lineages is key to understanding the trajectories along which biodiversity evolves. However, this task is complicated by evolutionary processes that obscure and mimic footprints of positive selection. Particularly, the long-term effects of linked selection remain underappreciated and difficult to account for. Based on patterns emerging from recent research on the evolution of differentiation across the speciation continuum, I illustrate how long-term linked selection affects the distribution of differentiation along genomes. I then argue that a comparative population genomics framework that exploits emergent features of long-term linked selection can help overcome shortcomings of traditional genome scans for adaptive evolution, but needs to account for the temporal dynamics of differentiation landscapes.