Evaluation of a collagen-glycosaminoglycan dermal substitute in the dog palate

Tissue shortage complicates surgery of cleft lip and palate. The healing of defects on the palate impairs growth of the dentoalveolar complex because of scar tissue formation. Implantation of a matrix into the wound might overcome this adverse effect. Integra with and without a silicone top layer was implanted into standardized full-thickness wounds (empty set 6 mm) in the palatal mucoperiosteum in beagle dogs. In some wounds, the silicone layer was removed after 14 days. Control wounds did not have an implant. At 2 and 4 weeks post-surgery, the wounds were assessed for epithelialization, inflammation (hematoxylin and eosin, leucocyte protein L1), number of myofibroblasts (alpha smooth muscle actin), and general histological characteristics. Wounds filled with Integra without the silicone layer showed fewer myofibroblasts and inflammatory cells than the sham wounds. Collagen fibers were more randomly orientated in these wounds than in the sham group. Wound closure was found to be retarded, and many inflammatory cells were present when Integra with silicone was implanted. The silicone layer was lost within 4 weeks in these wounds. We conclude that, in the moist oral environment, the silicone of Integra is not required. Re-epithelialization and tissue integration proceed more favorably without it. Further research in the dentoalveolar development with Integra will be conducted in a simulated cleft palate repair in the dog model.