Does radiographic emphysema correlate with low bone mineral density?

Purpose of review Several large epidemiologic studies have shown an association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and osteoporosis. Recent studies have further implied an emphysema-specific association with low bone mineral density independent of obstruction severity. Recent findings This review will outline the studies demonstrating an independent association between radiographic emphysema and decreased bone mineral density and will discuss potential disease mechanisms, including systemic inflammation and immune-mediated factors, linking these disease processes. Summary Radiographic emphysema should be considered an independent risk factor in studies examining the mechanisms underlying COPD-related bone loss. Future research focused on the relationship between emphysema and low bone mineral density could provide mechanistic insight and result in the development of targeted therapies designed to halt progression of both disease processes.