Perioperative factors that are significantly correlated with final visual acuity in eyes after successful rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery

Purpose To determine the perioperative factors that are significantly correlated with the final visual acuity following reattachment of a macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) by vitrectomy. Methods Twenty-nine eyes of 29 patients with a successfully reattached RRD by vitrectomy were retrospectively analyzed. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic images of the macular regions were used to measure the thicknesses of the retinal layers and the integrity of the microstructures of the photoreceptors at 2 weeks, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months following the vitrectomy. The best-corrected visual acuities (BCVA) were evaluated at the same times. Results The improvement of the BCVA from the preoperative BCVA to that at postoperative Week 2 (-0.67 +/- 0.69 logMAR units) was the largest change between adjacent observation periods for the entire study duration. It was significantly greater than the improvement between Week 2 and Month 12 (-0.32 +/- 0.22 logMAR units; P<0.001). The thickness of the ellipsoid zone (EZ)-retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) increased significantly with time (P<0.001). The final BCVA was significantly correlated with the BCVA at Week 2 (r = 0.61, P<0.001), the EZ-RPE thickness at Week 2 (r = -0.40, P = 0.035), the integrity of the external limiting membrane (ELM) (r = -0.61, P = 0.003), and an intact EZ (r = -0.66, P = 0.001) at Week 2. Multiple stepwise regression analyses of the final BCVA showed that the BCVA at Week 2 (P = 0.017) and the integrity of the EZ at Week 2 (P = 0.006) were independent predictors of the final BCVA. Conclusions The significantly better BCVA and presence of an intact EZ at 2 weeks following vitrectomy and their significant correlations with the BCVA at Month 12 indicate that these perioperative values can be used to predict the BCVA at Month 12 after a reattachment of macula-off RRD following vitrectomy.