Adverse Childhood Experiences, Coping Resources, and Mental Health Problems among Court-Involved Youth

Mental health problems are gaining attention among court-involved youth with emphasis on the role of childhood adversity, but assessment lags. The present study uses a commonly delivered assessment tool to examine mental health problems (current mental health problem, mental health interfered with probation goals, and suicide ideation) as a function of an expanded set of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; childhood maltreatment, family dysfunction, and social disadvantage). Adaptive coping resources-impulse control, aspirations, and social support-were tested as both direct contributors and moderators of the influence of ACEs on mental health. Using a diverse sample of youth on probation (N = 5378), this study utilized logistic regression models to test contributions of the three domains of childhood adversity-childhood maltreatment, family dysfunction, and social disadvantage. These models also examined the moderating roles of coping resources. Childhood maltreatment emerged as the strongest contributor to mental health problems, with significant moderation from social support. Youth aspirations were inversely related to mental health problems and moderated the relation with ACEs and mental health problems that interfered with probation. Assessment and mitigation of the detrimental effects of childhood maltreatment are important considerations in the intervention programs that target mental health outcomes of court-involved youth. Intervention programs to prevent recidivism and improve mental health should improve impulse control and aspirations.