Bottom-up effects of plant diversity on multitrophic interactions in a biodiversity experiment

被引:751
作者
Scherber, Christoph [1 ,2 ]
Eisenhauer, Nico [3 ,4 ]
Weisser, Wolfgang W. [2 ]
Schmid, Bernhard [5 ]
Voigt, Winfried [2 ]
Fischer, Markus [6 ,7 ]
Schulze, Ernst-Detlef [8 ]
Roscher, Christiane [2 ,9 ]
Weigelt, Alexandra [2 ,10 ]
Allan, Eric [2 ]
Bessler, Holger [11 ]
Bonkowski, Michael [12 ]
Buchmann, Nina [13 ]
Buscot, Francois [14 ]
Clement, Lars W. [2 ]
Ebeling, Anne [1 ,2 ]
Engels, Christof [11 ]
Halle, Stefan [2 ]
Kertscher, Ilona [2 ]
Klein, Alexandra-Maria [2 ,15 ]
Koller, Robert [12 ]
Koenig, Stephan [14 ]
Kowalski, Esther [2 ]
Kummer, Volker [7 ]
Kuu, Annely [16 ]
Lange, Markus [2 ]
Lauterbach, Dirk [2 ]
Middelhoff, Cornelius [8 ]
Migunova, Varvara D. [17 ]
Milcu, Alexandru [18 ]
Mueller, Ramona [2 ]
Partsch, Stephan [3 ]
Petermann, Jana S. [5 ,19 ]
Renker, Carsten [20 ]
Rottstock, Tanja [7 ]
Sabais, Alexander [3 ]
Scheu, Stefan [3 ]
Schumacher, Jens [8 ,21 ]
Temperton, Vicky M. [8 ,22 ]
Tscharntke, Teja [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Gottingen, Dept Crop Sci, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany
[2] Univ Jena, Inst Ecol, D-07743 Jena, Germany
[3] Univ Gottingen, JF Blumenbach Inst Zool & Anthropol, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany
[4] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA
[5] Univ Zurich, Inst Environm Sci, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
[6] Univ Bern, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland
[7] Univ Potsdam, Inst Biochem & Biol, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
[8] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany
[9] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Community Ecol, D-06120 Halle, Germany
[10] Univ Leipzig, Inst Biol 1, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
[11] Humboldt Univ, Dept Plant Nutr, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
[12] Univ Cologne, Cologne Bioctr, Dept Terr Ecol, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
[13] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Plant Anim & Agroecosyst Sci, LFW C56, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
[14] UFZ Helmholtz Ctr Environm Res, Dept Soil Ecol, D-06102 Halle, Germany
[15] Leuphana Univ Lueneburg, Inst Ecol & Environm Chem, D-21335 Luneburg, Germany
[16] Tallinn Univ Technol, Tartu Coll, EE-51008 Tartu, Estonia
[17] KI Skryabin All Russian Inst Helminthol, Moscow 117218, Russia
[18] Imperial Coll London, Div Biol, NERC Ctr Populat Biol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England
[19] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
[20] Mainz Museum Nat Hist, D-55116 Mainz, Germany
[21] Univ Jena, Inst Stochast, D-07743 Jena, Germany
[22] Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Phytosphere Inst ICG 3, D-52425 Julich, Germany
关键词
TROPHIC GROUPS; TOP-DOWN;
D O I
10.1038/nature09492
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Biodiversity is rapidly declining(1), and this may negatively affect ecosystem processes(2), including economically important ecosystem services(3). Previous studies have shown that biodiversity has positive effects on organisms and processes(4) across trophic levels(5). However, only a few studies have so far incorporated an explicit food-web perspective(6). In an eight-year biodiversity experiment, we studied an unprecedented range of above-and below-ground organisms and multitrophic interactions. A multitrophic data set originating from a single long-term experiment allows mechanistic insights that would not be gained from meta-analysis of different experiments. Here we show that plant diversity effects dampen with increasing trophic level and degree of omnivory. This was true both for abundance and species richness of organisms. Furthermore, we present comprehensive above-ground/below-ground biodiversity food webs. Both above ground and below ground, herbivores responded more strongly to changes in plant diversity than did carnivores or omnivores. Density and richness of carnivorous taxa was independent of vegetation structure. Below-ground responses to plant diversity were consistently weaker than above-ground responses. Responses to increasing plant diversity were generally positive, but were negative for biological invasion, pathogen infestation and hyperparasitism. Our results suggest that plant diversity has strong bottom-up effects on multitrophic interaction networks, with particularly strong effects on lower trophic levels. Effects on higher trophic levels are indirectly mediated through bottom-up trophic cascades.
引用
收藏
页码:553 / 556
页数:4
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