A new carbapenem drug dosage metric for carbapenem usage and correlation with carbapenem resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide problem. Inappropriate antimicrobial use contributes to this resistance, and several metrics of drug usage have been used to monitor their consumption and rational use. We examined several existing drug metrics, and developed a new one, dose/duration-density (D/d(2)), for a the best correlation between carbapenem usage and carbapenem resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The annual changes of antimicrobial use density (AUD), days of therapy (DOT), daily dose (DD) and D/d(2) for meropenem, imipenem and total carbapenems was analyzed for a correlation with carbapenem susceptibility of P. aeruginosa from 2006 through 2015 at a university hospital. The substitution of meropenem for imipenem usage, and an approximate 10% increase in carbapenem susceptibility of P. aeruginosa occurred over the study period. There were significant correlations of the meropenem susceptibility of P. aeruginosa and meropenem usage as measured by the meropenem DD, of imipenem susceptibility and imipenem AUD and DOT, and overall carbapenem susceptibility and imipenem DOT. The D/d(2) for meropenem, imipenem and total carbapenems had significant correlations with individual and all carbapenem susceptibility of P. aeruginosa. These D/d(2) is the best single carbapenem use metric for correlating carbapenem usage with P. aeruginosa resistance. Further studies are warranted to consider the value of D/d(2) for other antimicrobials and bacteria. (C) 2018 Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.