Study on Three-Dimensional Fast Factorized Back Projection Using One-Dimensional Bistatic Antenna Array for Security Radar

Recently, radar-based near-field three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology has attracted increasing attention owing to its unique characteristics. Various imaging methods have been developed for fast computation and accurate imaging. One of the most accurate and fast imaging algorithms is the fast factorized back-projection (FFBP) algorithm. This study presents a successive 3D-FFBP using a one-dimensional (1D) bistatic antenna array for 3D imaging for concealed weapon detection, which is derived as an extension of a well-known two-dimensional FFBP. The crucial parameters for these FFBPs to run efficiently are the predefined grid sizes of the imaging area. The optimal azimuth/elevation grid sizes for the proposed successive 3D-FFBP are formulated using certain approximations. The validity of the proposed successive 3D-FFBP using the optimal grid sizes is confirmed with a numerical simulation where a bistatic millimeter-wave radar array is used.