Antimicrobial and Wound Treatment Aspects of Micro- and Nanoformulations of Carboxymethyl, Dialdehyde, and TEMPO-Oxidized Derivatives of Cellulose: Recent Advances

The remedy for infected chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers is more complicated particularly in the case of patients with an inefficient immune system. Also, fighting against microbial infections in the wound site by available antibiotics may not be effective because of emerging antibiotic resistance properties among pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Recently, applications of micro- and nanoformulations of biomaterials have demonstrated improved therapeutic abilities for wound dressings. In this way, carboxymethyl, dialdehyde, and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized celluloses are common biomaterials having outstanding physicochemical and therapeutic properties compared to unmodified cellulose. Therefore, in this review, recent progress in the field of wound healing and antimicrobial activities of these derivatives are presented and discussed.