Analysis of the multimodulus blind equalization algorithm for cross QAM signal constellations

This work mathematically analyzes the multimodulus blind equalization algorithm (MMA) for cross quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal constellations proposed by Yang, Werner, and Dumont. The analysis demonstrates that the MMA implicitly incorporates a phase-tracking loop, which can remove inter-symbol interference (ISI) while simultaneously correcting the phase error. The analysis also indicates that the decision device may yield wrong estimated symbols unless an appropriate compensation technique is incorporated into the algorithm.