Vitiligo is a common depigmenting disorder which may have devastating psychological and social consequences and is characterized by the presence of circumscribed white macules in the skin due to the destruction of melanocytes in the epidermis. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the pathomechanisms involved in this disease, and studies have shown the participation of autoimmune processes in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Cellular and humoral immunities have been implicated in the development of vitiligo and their role continues to be investigated. Peripheral blood and skin biopsies of patients with vitiligo show that T-cells, mononuclear cells, various pro-inflammatory cytokines, and auto-antibodies can damage melanocytes. Further research is required to determine whether autoimmunity is the main mechanism of vitiligo or only a consequence. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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Jamia Hamdard, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut, New Delhi 110062, IndiaJamia Hamdard, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut, New Delhi 110062, India
Abu Tahir, M.
Pramod, K.
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Jamia Hamdard, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut, New Delhi 110062, IndiaJamia Hamdard, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut, New Delhi 110062, India
Pramod, K.
Ansari, S. H.
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Jamia Hamdard, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy & Phytochem, New Delhi 110062, IndiaJamia Hamdard, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut, New Delhi 110062, India
Ansari, S. H.
Ali, Laved
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Jamia Hamdard, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut, New Delhi 110062, IndiaJamia Hamdard, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut, New Delhi 110062, India
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Univ Sheffield, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, EnglandUniv Sheffield, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, England
Gavalas, Nikos G.
Gottumukkala, Raju V. S. R. K.
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Univ Sheffield, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, EnglandUniv Sheffield, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, England
Gottumukkala, Raju V. S. R. K.
Gawkrodger, David J.
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Royal Hallamshire Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, EnglandUniv Sheffield, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, England
Gawkrodger, David J.
Watson, Philip F.
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Univ Sheffield, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, EnglandUniv Sheffield, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, England
Watson, Philip F.
Weetman, Anthony P.
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Weetman, Anthony P.
Kemp, E. Helen
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Univ Sheffield, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, EnglandUniv Sheffield, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, England
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Jamia Hamdard, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut, New Delhi 110062, IndiaJamia Hamdard, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut, New Delhi 110062, India
Abu Tahir, M.
Pramod, K.
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Jamia Hamdard, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut, New Delhi 110062, IndiaJamia Hamdard, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut, New Delhi 110062, India
Pramod, K.
Ansari, S. H.
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Jamia Hamdard, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy & Phytochem, New Delhi 110062, IndiaJamia Hamdard, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut, New Delhi 110062, India
Ansari, S. H.
Ali, Laved
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Jamia Hamdard, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut, New Delhi 110062, IndiaJamia Hamdard, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut, New Delhi 110062, India
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Univ Sheffield, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, EnglandUniv Sheffield, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, England
Gavalas, Nikos G.
Gottumukkala, Raju V. S. R. K.
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Univ Sheffield, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, EnglandUniv Sheffield, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, England
Gottumukkala, Raju V. S. R. K.
Gawkrodger, David J.
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Royal Hallamshire Hosp, Dept Dermatol, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, EnglandUniv Sheffield, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, England
Gawkrodger, David J.
Watson, Philip F.
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Univ Sheffield, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, EnglandUniv Sheffield, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, England
Watson, Philip F.
Weetman, Anthony P.
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Univ Sheffield, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, EnglandUniv Sheffield, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, England
Weetman, Anthony P.
Kemp, E. Helen
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Univ Sheffield, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, EnglandUniv Sheffield, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, England