Importance of zoonoses in public health

Zoonoses constitute an important part of the global health programme of the World Health Organization. There are over 250 zoonotic diseases which man acquires directly or indirectly from a large number of animal species. Today, fourfifths of all human infections are zoonoses that cause considerable mortality and morbidity in all age groups and both sexes. In primary health system, treatment and control of zoonotic diseases has been given priority. There are many emerging zoonoses which pose a great threat to human health. The resurgence of plague after a gap of 28 years in the Gujarat and Maharashtra, is alarming and indicate a breakdown of the public health measures. Similarly, the resurgence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in USA is raising concerns that transmission from cattle to humans might be a serious public health issue. Rapid ecological changes have given opportunities for certain zoonotic infections to emerge and produce human sufferings. Complete eradication of some of the zoonotic diseases seems to be difficult because of complex epidemiology. Nevertheless, early diagnosis and chemotherapy, personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, better animal husbandry, improved food hygiene, immunization, health education and close coordination between medical and veterinary departments may help in reducing the prevalence and incidence of zoonoses. It is emphasized that Public Health Veterinarian should permanently be involved in the process of global health programme.