Spontaneous intraperitoneal hemorrhage: imaging features

Spontaneous, nontraumatic, intraperitoneal bleeding is a rare but worrisome clinical condition, potentially fatal, which may be related to a vast array of underlying causes. Accurate diagnosis of the cause, organ of origin, extent, and prognosis of this condition can be established with different imaging modalities, such as ultrasound, CT, and MR imaging. This article summarizes the clinical aspects and pathogenesis of the entities causing spontaneous intraperitoneal hemorrhage. The corresponding radiologic features of these conditions are highlighted. Finally, recommendations to perform the imaging modality of choice for each of the abnormalities and key features are provided.