EEGBRP: an energy-efficient grid-based routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks

Underwater sensor networks (UWSN) include a set of sensor nodes equipped with limited batteries. These batteries are not rechargeable and replacement of them is difficult and costly due to difficult access and condition of the underwater environment. So, the optimization and management of energy are the most important issues for UWSNs. Many studies have been presented in this field that the most focus of them has been on improving and optimizing routing and data transmission because of the highest energy consumption for routing and sending data. While each of these studies was effective in improving energy-related issues, the need to develop an energy-efficient and reliable routing protocol for UWSNs is still under investigation. In this paper, a method called an energy-efficient grid-based routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks (EEGBRP) using TOPSIS technique and 3-dimensional cell division is introduced. EEGBRP is a multi-hop method which in the first step the network is divided into three-dimensional cells. In the second step head-cell nodes or gateways are selected and data routing and communication is performed in the third step. The simulation results using NS2 indicated the successful performance and significant superiority of EEGBRP compared to previous researches. This improvement for different scenarios compared to EMGGR method was 10.65% for successful delivery, 9% for the optimization of energy consumption and 8.8% for end-to-end delay.