State-dependent effects of neural stimulation on brain function and cognition

被引:110
作者
Bradley, Claire [1 ]
Nydam, Abbey S. [2 ]
Dux, Paul E. [3 ]
Mattingley, Jason B. [1 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Queensland, Queensland Brain Inst, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
[2] Univ Toronto, Dept Psychol, Toronto, ON, Canada
[3] Univ Queensland, Sch Psychol, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
基金
英国医学研究理事会; 澳大利亚研究理事会;
关键词
TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION; CORTICAL EFFECTIVE CONNECTIVITY; HUMAN MOTOR CORTEX; SHORT-TERM-MEMORY; EARLY VISUAL-CORTEX; WORKING-MEMORY; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; CORTICOSPINAL EXCITABILITY; ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; MACHINE INTERFACES;
D O I
10.1038/s41583-022-00598-1
中图分类号
Q189 [神经科学];
学科分类号
071006 ;
摘要
In this Review, Bradley, Nydam, Dux and Mattingley explore state-dependent variations in brain activity and behaviour with brain stimulation. They focus on transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial electrical stimulation and several domains - conscious state, attention and working memory. Invasive and non-invasive brain stimulation methods are widely used in neuroscience to establish causal relationships between distinct brain regions and the sensory, cognitive and motor functions they subserve. When combined with concurrent brain imaging, such stimulation methods can reveal patterns of neuronal activity responsible for regulating simple and complex behaviours at the level of local circuits and across widespread networks. Understanding how fluctuations in physiological states and task demands might influence the effects of brain stimulation on neural activity and behaviour is at the heart of how we use these tools to understand cognition. Here we review the concept of such 'state-dependent' changes in brain activity in response to neural stimulation, and consider examples from research on altered states of consciousness (for example, sleep and anaesthesia) and from task-based manipulations of selective attention and working memory. We relate relevant findings from non-invasive methods used in humans to those obtained from direct electrical and optogenetic stimulation of neuronal ensembles in animal models. Given the widespread use of brain stimulation as a research tool in the laboratory and as a means of augmenting or restoring brain function, consideration of the influence of changing physiological and cognitive states is crucial for increasing the reliability of these interventions.
引用
收藏
页码:459 / 475
页数:17
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