Machine learning as a diagnostic decision aid for patients with transient loss of consciousness

被引:40
作者
Wardrope, Alistair [1 ]
Jamnadas-Khoda, Jenny [2 ]
Broadhurst, Mark [3 ]
Grunewald, Richard A. [1 ]
Heaton, Timothy J. [4 ]
Howell, Stephen J. [1 ]
Koepp, Matthias [5 ]
Parry, Steve W. [6 ,7 ]
Sisodiya, Sanjay [5 ]
Walker, Matthew C. [5 ]
Reuber, Markus [1 ,8 ]
机构
[1] Royal Hallamshire Hosp, Sheffield Teaching Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England
[2] Univ Nottingham, Inst Mental Hlth, Div Psychiat & Appl Psychol, Innovat Pk, Nottingham, England
[3] Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Fdn Trust Hartington Un, Mental Hlth Liaison Team, Chesterfield, England
[4] Univ Sheffield, Sch Math & Stat, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England
[5] UCL, Queen Sq Inst Neurol, Dept Clin & Expt Epilepsy, London, England
[6] Newcastle Univ, Newcastle Biomed Res Ctr, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England
[7] Newcastle Univ, Inst Cellular Med, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England
[8] Univ Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hosp, Acad Neurol Unit, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England
关键词
PSYCHOGENIC NONEPILEPTIC SEIZURES; SYSTEMS QUESTIONNAIRE; EPILEPSY; MISDIAGNOSIS; DISTINGUISH; SYMPTOMS; SYNCOPE; PREVALENCE; HISTORY;
D O I
10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000726
中图分类号
R74 [神经病学与精神病学];
学科分类号
摘要
Background Transient loss of consciousness (TLOC) is a common reason for presentation to primary/emergency care; over 90% are because of epilepsy, syncope, or psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES). Misdiagnoses are common, and there are currently no validated decision rules to aid diagnosis and management. We seek to explore the utility of machine-learning techniques to develop a short diagnostic instrument by extracting features with optimal discriminatory values from responses to detailed questionnaires about TLOC manifestations and comorbidities (86 questions to patients, 31 to TLOC witnesses). Methods Multi-center retrospective self- and witness-report questionnaire study in secondary care settings. Feature selection was performed by an iterative algorithm based on random forest analysis. Data were randomly divided in a 2:1 ratio into training and validation sets (163:86 for all data; 208:92 for analysis excluding witness reports). Results Three hundred patients with proven diagnoses (100 each: epilepsy, syncope and PNES) were recruited from epilepsy and syncope services. Two hundred forty-nine completed patient and witness questionnaires: 86 epilepsy (64 female), 84 PNES (61 female), and 79 syncope (59 female). Responses to 36 questions optimally predicted diagnoses. A classifier trained on these features classified 74/86 (86.0% [95% confidence interval 76.9%-92.6%]) of patients correctly in validation (100 [86.7%-100%] syncope, 85.7 [67.3%-96.0%] epilepsy, 75.0 [56.6%-88.5%] PNES). Excluding witness reports, 34 features provided optimal prediction (classifier accuracy of 72/92 [78.3 (68.4%-86.2%)] in validation, 83.8 [68.0%-93.8%] syncope, 81.5 [61.9%-93.7%] epilepsy, 67.9 [47.7%-84.1%] PNES). Conclusions A tool based on patient symptoms/comorbidities and witness reports separates well between syncope and other common causes of TLOC. It can help to differentiate epilepsy and PNES. Validated decision rules may improve diagnostic processes and reduce misdiagnosis rates. Classification of evidence This study provides Class III evidence that for patients with TLOC, patient and witness questionnaires discriminate between syncope, epilepsy and PNES.
引用
收藏
页码:96 / 105
页数:10
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