Aerobic capacities and swimming performance of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) under ocean acidification and warming conditions

被引:23
作者
Kunz, Kristina Lore [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Claireaux, Guy [4 ]
Poertner, Hans-Otto [2 ,3 ]
Knust, Rainer [1 ]
Mark, Felix Christopher [2 ]
机构
[1] Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Bentho Pelag Proc, Alten Hafen 26, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany
[2] Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Integrat Ecophysiol, Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
[3] Univ Bremen, Fachbereich 2,NW 2 Leobener Str, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
[4] Univ Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR UMR 6539, Unite PFOM, Lab ARN,Ctr Ifremer Brest, F-29280 Plouzane, France
关键词
Climate change; Gadids; Arctic cod; Hypercapnia; RCP8.5; Aerobic scope; EUROPEAN SEA BASS; ARCTIC COD; ATLANTIC COD; GADUS-MORHUA; THERMAL TOLERANCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RESPIRATORY METABOLISM; EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE; TEMPERATURE; FISH;
D O I
10.1242/jeb.184473
中图分类号
Q [生物科学];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Polar cod (Boreogadus saida) is an important prey species in the Arctic ecosystem, yet its habitat is changing rapidly: climate change, through rising seawater temperatures and CO2 concentrations, is projected to be most pronounced in Arctic waters. This study aimed to investigate the influence of ocean acidification and warming on maximum performance parameters of B. saida as indicators for the species' acclimation capacities under environmental conditions projected for the end of this century. After 4 months at four acclimation temperatures (0, 3, 6, 8 degrees C) each combined with two P-CO2 levels (390 and 1170 mu atm), aerobic capacities and swimming performance of B. saida were recorded following a U-crit protocol. At both CO2 levels, standard metabolic rate (SMR) was elevated at the highest acclimation temperature indicating thermal limitations. Maximum metabolic rate (MMR) increased continuously with temperature, suggesting an optimum temperature for aerobic scope for exercise (AS(ex)) at 6 degrees C. Aerobic swimming performance (U-gait) increased with acclimation temperature irrespective of CO2 levels, while critical swimming speed (U-crit) did not reveal any clear trend with temperature. Hypercapnia evoked an increase in MMR (and thereby AS(ex)). However, swimming performance (both U-gait and U-crit) was impaired under elevated nearfuture P-CO2 conditions, indicating reduced efficiencies of oxygen turnover. The contribution of anaerobic metabolism to swimming performance was very low overall, and further reduced under hypercapnia. Our results revealed high sensitivities of maximum performance parameters (MMR, U-gait, U-crit) of B. saida to ocean acidification. Impaired swimming capacity under ocean acidification may reflect reduced future competitive strength of B. saida.
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页数:11
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