TNBC: Potential Targeting of Multiple Receptors for a Therapeutic Breakthrough, Nanomedicine, and Immunotherapy

被引:76
作者
Singh, Desh Deepak [1 ]
Yadav, Dharmendra Kumar [2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Amity Univ Rajasthan, Amity Inst Biotechnol, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India
[2] Gachon Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharm, Hambakmoeiro 191, Incheon 21924, South Korea
[3] Gachon Univ, Coll Pharm, Gachon Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Hambakmoeiro 191, Incheon 21924, South Korea
基金
新加坡国家研究基金会;
关键词
triple-negative breast cancer; therapeutic target; signaling pathway; clinical trial; NEGATIVE BREAST-CANCER; PATHOLOGICAL COMPLETE RESPONSE; T-CELL THERAPY; PHASE-III; CHEMOTHERAPY CHEMO; ATEZOLIZUMAB ATEZO; DOUBLE-BLIND; PACLITAXEL; NANOCARRIERS; CARBOPLATIN;
D O I
10.3390/biomedicines9080876
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous, recurring cancer associated with a high rate of metastasis, poor prognosis, and lack of therapeutic targets. Although target-based therapeutic options are approved for other cancers, only limited therapeutic options are available for TNBC. Cell signaling and receptor-specific targets are reportedly effective in patients with TNBC under specific clinical conditions. However, most of these cancers are unresponsive, and there is a requirement for more effective treatment modalities. Further, there is a lack of effective biomarkers that can distinguish TNBC from other BC subtypes. ER, PR, and HER2 help identify TNBC and are widely used to identify patients who are most likely to respond to diverse therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss the possible treatment options for TNBC based on its inherent subtype receptors and pathways, such as p53 signaling, AKT signaling, cell cycle regulation, DNA damage, and programmed cell death, which play essential roles at multiple stages of TNBC development. We focus on poly-ADP ribose polymerase 1, androgen receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, and epidermal growth factor receptor as well as the application of nanomedicine and immunotherapy in TNBC and discuss their potential applications in drug development for TNBC.
引用
收藏
页数:26
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