Trends and variability in polar sea ice, global atmospheric circulations, and baroclinicity

被引:101
作者
Simmonds, Ian [1 ]
Li, Muyuan [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia
[2] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, CAS Key Lab Reg Climate Environm Temperate East A, Beijing, Peoples R China
[3] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Earth & Planetary Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
Arctic; Antarctica; sea ice; cyclones; variability; baroclinicity; ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR WAVE; INCREASED QUASI STATIONARITY; HEMISPHERE ANNULAR MODE; WINTER URAL BLOCKING; EXTREME COLD EVENTS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONES; SEMIANNUAL OSCILLATION; ARCTIC AMPLIFICATION; MOISTURE TRANSPORT;
D O I
10.1111/nyas.14673
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
We analyze the polar sea ice distribution and the global sea level pressure (SLP) and baroclinicity distributions over the "satellite" period of 1979-2020. In the Arctic, there are statistically significant sea ice extent (SIE) decreases in all calendar months, and the annual mean has lost 2.22 million km(2) over the four decades. The Antarctic SIE, in marked contrast, increased up to 2014, then commenced a remarkable retreat (the annual mean ice extent decreased by 2.03 million km(2) in the 3 years to 2017), and subsequently increased to near its long-term average value in 2020. The shifts in seasonal-mean SLP patterns are consistent with a warming planet. At the synoptic scale, we diagnose the changes in the baroclinicity, the mechanism by which cyclones, fronts, and other weather systems are generated. Through a novel presentation, we give an overview of the relative roles of changes in the vertical shear and static stability in influencing the global trends in baroclinicity. In both the Arctic and Antarctic regions, baroclinicity is shown to have increased in each season (with the sole exception of the Arctic in summer). This increase, coupled with midlatitude decreases in baroclinicity, results in poleward shifts of the storm tracks.
引用
收藏
页码:167 / 186
页数:20
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