Molecular Data Reveal a Cryptic Diversity in the Genus Urotricha (Alveolata, Ciliophora, Prostomatida), a Key Player in Freshwater Lakes, With Remarks on Morphology, Food Preferences, and Distribution

被引:18
作者
Frantal, Daniela [1 ]
Agatha, Sabine [2 ]
Beisser, Daniela [3 ]
Boenigk, Jens [3 ]
Darienko, Tatyana [1 ,4 ]
Dirren-Pitsch, Gianna [5 ]
Filker, Sabine [6 ]
Gruber, Michael [7 ]
Kammerlander, Barbara [1 ,8 ]
Nachbaur, Laura [1 ]
Scheffel, Ulrike [1 ]
Stoeck, Thorsten [9 ]
Qian, Kuimei [1 ,10 ]
Weissenbacher, Birgit [2 ]
Proeschold, Thomas [1 ]
Sonntag, Bettina [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Innsbruck, Res Dept Limnol, Mondsee, Austria
[2] Paris Lodron Univ Salzburg, Dept Biosci, Salzburg, Austria
[3] Univ Duisburg Essen, Dept Biodivers, Essen, Germany
[4] Univ Gottingen, Expt Phycol & Culture Collect Algae, Gottingen, Germany
[5] Univ Zurich, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Limnol Stn, Kilchberg, Switzerland
[6] Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Mol Ecol Grp, Kaiserslautern, Germany
[7] Hieronymus Illustrat, Salzburg, Austria
[8] Fed Agcy Water Management, Inst Aquat Ecol & Fisheries Management, Mondsee, Austria
[9] Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Ecol Grp, Kaiserslautern, Germany
[10] Xuzhou Univ Technol, Coll Environm Engn, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
基金
奥地利科学基金会; 中国国家自然科学基金; 瑞士国家科学基金会;
关键词
ciliate plankton; biogeography; ciliate diversity; cryptic species; microplankton; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC METHODS; CILIATE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ALPINE LAKES; BASIC LIGHT; PHYLOGENY; DEEP; PROTOZOA; WEB; PROTISTS; OMNIVORY;
D O I
10.3389/fmicb.2021.787290
中图分类号
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Species of the ciliate genus Urotricha are key players in freshwater plankton communities. In the pelagial of lakes, about 20 urotrich species occur throughout an annual cycle, some of which play a pivotal role in aquatic food webs. For example, during the phytoplankton spring bloom, they consume a remarkable proportion of the algal production. In ecological studies, urotrich ciliates are usually merely identified to genus rank and grouped into size classes. This is unsatisfying considering the distinct autecological properties of individual species and their specific spatial and temporal distribution patterns. As a basis for future research, we characterized in detail four common urotrich morphotypes, i.e., specimens identified as U. furcata and tentatively as U. agilis, U. pseudofurcata, and U. castalia, using state-of-the-art methods. We used an integrative polyphasic approach, in which morphological studies (in vivo observation, silver staining methods, scanning electron microscopy) were linked with a molecular approach exploiting four different gene fragments as taxonomic DNA barcodes with different resolution potential (SSU rDNA, ITS-1, ITS-2, hypervariable V4 and V9 regions of the SSU rDNA). We shed light on the diversity of urotrich ciliates as well as on their global distribution patterns, and annual cycles. Additionally, we coupled individual species occurrences and environmental parameters, and subsequently modeled the distribution and occurrence, using logistic regressions. Furthermore, for one strain putatively identified as U. castalia, we ascertained the optimal cultivation media and food preferences. Thereby, our comprehensive view on these important freshwater ciliates that frequently occur in environmental high throughput sequencing datasets worldwide will allow future studies to better exploit protistan plankton data from lakes.
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页数:24
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