When perception trips action! The increase in the perceived size of both hand and target matters in reaching and grasping movements

Reaching and grasping movements rely on visual information regarding the target characteristics (e.g. size) and the hand position during the action execution. Changes in the visual representation of the body (e.g. increase in the perceived size of the hand) can modify action performance, but it is still unclear how these modifications interact with changes in the external environment. We investigated this topic by manipulating the perceived size of both hand and target objects and the degree of visual feedback available during the movement execution. Ten young adults were asked to reach and grasp geometrical objects in four different conditions: (i) with normal vision with the light on, (ii) with normal vision in the dark, (iii) using magnifying lenses in the light and (iv) using magnifying lenses in the dark. In contrast with previous works, our results show that movement execution is longer in magnified vision compared to normal when the action is executed in the light, but the grasping component was not affected by changes in size in this condition. On the contrary, when the visual feedback of the hand was removed and participants performed the action in the dark, movements were faster and the distances across fingers larger in the magnified than normal vision. This pattern of data suggests that grasping movements adapt rapidly and compensate for changes in vision when this process depends on the degree of visual feedback and/or environmental cues available. In the debate regarding the dissociation between action and perception, our data suggest that action may overcome changes in perception when visual feedback is available, but perception may trick action in situations of reduced visual information.