Biological control of South African plants that are invasive elsewhere in the world: A review of earlier and current programmes

被引:8
作者
Olckers, T. [1 ]
Coetzee, J. A. [2 ]
Egli, D. [1 ]
Martin, G. D. [2 ,3 ,4 ]
Paterson, I. D. [2 ]
Sutton, G. F. [2 ]
Wood, A. R. [5 ,6 ]
机构
[1] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Life Sci, Private Bag X01, ZA-3209 Scottsville, South Africa
[2] Rhodes Univ, Ctr Biol Control, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Makhanda, South Africa
[3] Univ Free State, Afromontane Res Unit, Qivaqwa Campus UFS QQ, ZA-9866 Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa
[4] Univ Free State, Dept Zool & Entomol, Qivaqwa Campus UFS QQ, ZA-9866 Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa
[5] Agr Res Council Plant Hlth & Protect, Private Bag X5017, ZA-7600 Stellenbosch, South Africa
[6] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Agr Earth & Environm Sci, Private Bag X01, ZA-3209 Scottsville, South Africa
基金
美国农业部;
关键词
African boxthorn; Cape ivy; crystalline ice-plant; fireweed; invasive grasses; oxygen weed; weed biocontrol; FIREWEED SENECIO-MADAGASCARIENSIS; LAGAROSIPHON-MAJOR HYDROCHARITACEAE; LABORATORY HOST-RANGE; CONTROL AGENT; CAPE-IVY; MESEMBRYANTHEMUM-CRYSTALLINUM; DELAIREA-ODORATA; NATIVE-RANGE; AQUATIC WEED; EFFICACY ASSESSMENT;
D O I
10.4001/003.029.1005
中图分类号
Q96 [昆虫学];
学科分类号
摘要
South Africa supports a rich floral diversity, with 21 643 native plant taxa that include a high proportion (76.3%) of endemic species, and many of these favoured as ornamentals, both locally and globally. Consequently, South Africa has contributed substantially to global plant invasions, with 1093 native taxa (5% of all species) naturalized in other countries. At least 80 taxa are invasive in natural or semi-natural ecosystems elsewhere, while an additional 132 taxa are potentially invasive. Of the global naturalized flora, 8.2% originate from South Africa and largely comprise species of Poaceae, Asteraceae, Iridaceae and Fabaceae. Australia, in particular, but also Europe and North America are major recipients of South African weeds. However, few countries have targeted South African plants for biological control (biocontrol), with most efforts undertaken by Australia. Previous and current targets have involved only 26 species with 17 agents (15 insects, one mite and one rust fungus) of South African origin released on five target species in Australia and the United States of America. South Africa's history of weed biocontrol, together with a large cohort of active scientists, is currently facilitating several internationally funded programmes targeting invasive plants of South African origin. In particular, the recently inaugurated Centre for Biological Control at Rhodes University and the University of KwaZulu-Natal have provided the impetus for novel efforts on five new target species and renewed efforts on four previously targeted species. In this contribution, we review the history of earlier biocontrol programmes against weeds of South African origin and the status of projects currently in progress in South Africa.
引用
收藏
页码:1005 / 1029
页数:25
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