Incident osteoarthritis and osteoarthritis-related joint replacement surgery in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: A secondary cohort analysis of a nationwide, population-based health claims database

Background Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) might be associated with an increased risk of secondary osteoarthritis. However, there is a lack of studies assessing its impact on osteoarthritis-related surgery. The aim of this secondary cohort study was to investigate the risk of symptomatic osteoarthritis and osteoarthritis-related surgery, including total hip replacement surgery (THRS) and total knee replacement surgery (THRS) in patients with AS. Methods Using the Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified 3,462 patients with AS between 2000 and 2012. A comparison cohort was assembled consisting of five patients without AS, based on frequency matching for sex, 10-year age interval, and index year, for each patient with AS. Both groups were followed until diagnosis of the study outcomes or the end of the follow-up period. Results Male patients with AS exhibited a significantly higher incidence of osteoarthritis (adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.43; P< 0.001), THRS (adjusted IRR 12.59; P< 0.001), and TKRS (adjusted IRR 1.89; P=0.036). Moreover, analyses stratified by age group (20-39 years versus 40-80 years) indicated a high IRR (adjusted IRR 27.66; P<.001) for THRS among younger patients with AS. Conclusions Male patients with AS had a significant higher risk of developing osteoarthritis, and receiving THRS and TKRS. Young patients with AS also showed a significant higher risk of receiving THRS.