Micro/nano-bubble-assisted ultrasound to enhance the EPR effect and potential theranostic applications

被引:217
作者
Duan, Lei [1 ]
Yang, Li [2 ]
Jin, Juan [2 ]
Yang, Fang [2 ]
Liu, Dong [3 ,4 ]
Hu, Ke [1 ]
Wang, Qinxin [1 ]
Yue, Yuanbin [1 ]
Gu, Ning [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Nanjing Med Univ, Sch Biomed Engn & Informat, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
[2] Southeast Univ, Sch Biol Sci & Med Engn, Jiangsu Key Lab Biomat & Devices, State Key Lab Bioelect, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
[3] West Anhui Univ, Luan, Peoples R China
[4] Anhui Engn Lab Conservat & Sustainable Utilizat T, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
EPR effect; ultrasound; micro/nanobubbles; controlled drug delivery; tumor theranostics; TARGETED DRUG-DELIVERY; ACOUSTIC RADIATION FORCE; THERAPEUTIC GAS DELIVERY; NITRIC-OXIDE; IN-VIVO; CONTRAST AGENTS; MULTICOMPONENT MICROBUBBLES; ECHOGENIC LIPOSOMES; LIPID MICROBUBBLES; POLYMERIC MICELLES;
D O I
10.7150/thno.37593
中图分类号
R-3 [医学研究方法]; R3 [基础医学];
学科分类号
1001 ;
摘要
Drug delivery for tumor theranostics involves the extensive use of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Previously, various types of nanomedicines have been demonstrated to accumulate in solid tumors via the EPR effect. However, EPR is a highly variable phenomenon because of tumor heterogeneity, resulting in low drug delivery efficacy in clinical trials. Because ultrasonication using micro/nanobubbles as contrast agents can disrupt blood vessels and enhance the specific delivery of drugs, it is an effective approach to improve the EPR effect for the passive targeting of tumors. In this review, the basic thermal effect, acoustic streaming, and cavitation mechanisms of ultrasound, which are characteristics that can be utilized to enhance the EPR effect, are briefly introduced. Second, micro/nanobubble-enhanced ultrasound imaging is discussed to understand the validity and variability of the EPR effect. Third, because the tumor microenvironment is complicated owing to elevated interstitial fluid pressure and the deregulated extracellular matrix components, which may be unfavorable for the EPR effect, few new trends in smart bubble drug delivery systems, which may improve the accuracy of EPR-mediated passive drug targeting, are summarized. Finally, the challenging and major concerns that should be considered in the next generation of micro/nanobubble-contrast-enhanced ultrasound theranostics for EPR-mediated passive drug targeting are also discussed.
引用
收藏
页码:462 / 483
页数:22
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