Cancer and nutrition

Tumor-associated nutritional problems often lead to the development of a cachectic state during the severe course of diseases. The increased energy consumption of the tumor cells, decreased appetite, swallowing difficulties, intestinal stenosis and decreased absorption of nutrients often lead to severe loss of weight, which needs therapeutic attention before reaching cachexia. However, as malnutrition and overnutrition contribute to the development of carcinomas, some groups of patients also have to undergo weight reduction and dietary changes for secondary prevention. The principles of a tumor prophylactic, healthy diet, as well as important causes of tumor-associated nutritional problems are described in this article. Inpatient oncologic rehabilitation can play an essential role in necessary lifestyle modifications for these patients.