Prevalence and risk indicators of peri-implant diseases in Spain

Aim To evaluate the prevalence of peri-implant diseases in Spain, as well as the associated risk indicators. Material and Methods This is a cross-sectional study using a network of sentinel dentists, who randomly selected 10 patients with implants (placed, at least, 5 years before), which were clinically and radiographically evaluated. Case definitions were established for peri-implant mucositis [bleeding on probing (BOP) and no bone level >= 2 mm] and peri-implantitis (BOP plus bone level >= 2 mm). Potential predictor variables, at univariate and multivariate levels, were explored by means of binary logistic regression. Results A total of 49 sentinel dentists provided complete data from 474 implants in 275 patients. At implant level, prevalences for peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis were 27% (95% confidence interval [CI] 22-32) and 20% (95% CI: 15-24), respectively, with 17% of implants (14-21) with bone level >= 2 mm without BOP. At patient level, prevalences were 27% (22-32), 24% (19-29) and 18% (13-22), respectively. In the multiple regression analysis, statistically significant associations for peri-implantitis (p < 0.10) were found for gender, peri-implant supportive therapy, implant location, diameter and surface, type of prosthesis and access to interproximal hygiene. Conclusions In this representative subject sample across Spain, the prevalence of peri-implant diseases was high (51%).