TIME-INTEGRATED SEARCHES FOR POINT-LIKE SOURCES OF NEUTRINOS WITH THE 40-STRING IceCube DETECTOR

被引：137

作者：

Abbasi, R. ^{[1
]}

Abdou, Y. ^{[2
]}

Abu-Zayyad, T. ^{[3
]}

Adams, J. ^{[4
]}

Aguilar, J. A. ^{[1
]}

Ahlers, M. ^{[5
]}

Andeen, K. ^{[1
]}

Auffenberg, J. ^{[6
]}

Bai, X. ^{[7
,8
]}

Baker, M. ^{[1
]}

Barwick, S. W. ^{[9
]}

Bay, R. ^{[10
]}

Alba, J. L. Bazo ^{[11
]}

Beattie, K. ^{[12
]}

Beatty, J. J. ^{[13
,14
,15
]}

Bechet, S. ^{[16
]}

Becker, J. K. ^{[17
]}

Becker, K-H ^{[6
]}

Benabderrahmane, M. L. ^{[11
]}

BenZvi, S. ^{[1
]}

Berdermann, J. ^{[11
]}

Berghaus, P. ^{[1
]}

Berley, D. ^{[18
]}

Bernardini, E. ^{[11
]}

Bertrand, D. ^{[16
]}

Besson, D. Z. ^{[19
]}

Bissok, M. ^{[20
]}

Blaufuss, E. ^{[18
]}

Blumenthal, J. ^{[20
]}

Boersma, D. J. ^{[20
]}

Bohm, C. ^{[21
,22
]}

Bose, D. ^{[23
]}

Boeser, S. ^{[24
]}

Botner, O. ^{[25
]}

Braun, J. ^{[1
]}

Brown, A. M. ^{[4
]}

Buitink, S. ^{[12
]}

Carson, M. ^{[2
]}

Chirkin, D. ^{[1
]}

Christy, B. ^{[18
]}

Clem, J. ^{[7
,8
]}

Clevermann, F. ^{[26
]}

Cohen, S. ^{[27
]}

Colnard, C. ^{[28
]}

Cowen, D. F. ^{[29
,30
]}

D'Agostino, M. V. ^{[10
]}

Danninger, M. ^{[21
,22
]}

Daughhetee, J. ^{[31
,32
]}

Davis, J. C. ^{[13
,14
]}

De Clercq, C. ^{[23
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[2] Univ Ghent, Dept Subatom & Radiat Phys, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium

[3] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, River Falls, WI 54022 USA

[4] Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch, New Zealand

[5] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England

[6] Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany

[7] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA

[8] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA

[9] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA

[10] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[11] DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany

[12] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[13] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[14] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[15] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[16] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Sci Fac CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

[17] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany

[18] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[19] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA

[20] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

[21] Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[22] Stockholm Univ, Deptartment Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[23] Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

[24] Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany

[25] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden

[26] TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany

[27] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, High Energy Phys Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

[28] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69177 Heidelberg, Germany

[29] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[30] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[31] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA

[32] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA

[33] Clark Atlanta Univ, CTSPS, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA

[34] Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA

[35] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[36] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada

[37] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany

[38] Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium

[39] Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan

[40] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

[41] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Phys & Astron, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA

[42] Univ W Indies, Dept Phys, BB-11000 Bridgetown, Barbados

[43] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[44] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2011年 / 732卷 / 01期

基金：

瑞典研究理事会; 美国国家科学基金会; 瑞士国家科学基金会;

关键词：

astroparticle physics; cosmic rays; neutrinos; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; COSMIC-RAYS; ENERGY; GALAXIES; CLUSTERS; ASTRONOMY; SELECTION; KNEE; MUON; FLUX;

D O I：

10.1088/0004-637X/732/1/18

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We present the results of time-integrated searches for astrophysical neutrino sources in both the northern and southern skies. Data were collected using the partially completed IceCube detector in the 40-string configuration recorded between 2008 April 5 and 2009 May 20, totaling 375.5 days livetime. An unbinned maximum likelihood ratio method is used to search for astrophysical signals. The data sample contains 36,900 events: 14,121 from the northern sky, mostly muons induced by atmospheric neutrinos, and 22,779 from the southern sky, mostly high-energy atmospheric muons. The analysis includes searches for individual point sources and stacked searches for sources in a common class, sometimes including a spatial extent. While this analysis is sensitive to TeV-PeV energy neutrinos in the northern sky, it is primarily sensitive to neutrinos with energy greater than about 1 PeV in the southern sky. No evidence for a signal is found in any of the searches. Limits are set for neutrino fluxes from astrophysical sources over the entire sky and compared to predictions. The sensitivity is at least a factor of two better than previous searches (depending on declination), with 90% confidence level muon neutrino flux upper limits being between E(2)d Phi/dE similar to 2-200 x 10(-12) TeV cm(-2) s(-1) in the northern sky and between 3-700 x 10(-12) TeV cm(-2) s(-1) in the southern sky. The stacked source searches provide the best limits to specific source classes. The full IceCube detector is expected to improve the sensitivity to d Phi/dE proportional to E-2 sources by another factor of two in the first year of operation.

引用

页数：16

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