A transmission line modeling technique using time domain

This paper presents a transmission line modeling technique using time domain synthesis approach. The time domain reflectometry (TDR) response waveform of a device under test is divided into N, unequal time intervals using a special windowing (filtering) technique. Each time interval is synthesized (modeled) in the time domain by a lossy transmission line. The parameters of each transmission line are determined by using a constraint, non-linear, least squares optimization technique performed in the time domain. The proposed modeling technique has several applications in microwave measurements, material characterization and microwave device modeling.