Radiologist Compliance With Institutional Guidelines for Use of Nonroutine Communication of Diagnostic Imaging Results

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate radiologist compliance with institutional guidelines for nonroutine communication of diagnostic imaging results. Methods: From July 2012 through September 2013, 7,401 completed advanced imaging cases were retrospectively reviewed by groups of 3 or more radiologists. The reviewing radiologists were asked to reach consensus on two questions related to nonroutine communication: (1) "Does the report describe a finding which requires nonroutine communication to the patient's physicians?" and if so, (2) "Were the department's guidelines for nonroutine communication followed?" Consensus judgments were aggregated and analyzed on the basis of subspecialty, level of acuity per the guidelines, and type of communication used. Results: Of the 7,401 studies reviewed, 960 (13.0%) were deemed, to require nonroutine results communication. The need for nonroutine communication was most frequent with CT (16.6%), followed by MRI (11.1%) and ultrasound (3.4%). For the divisions studied, nonroutine communication was most frequently needed in thoracic (37.9%), followed by neurologic (17.3%), emergency (15.8%), cardiac (13.7%), musculoskeletal (4.4%), and abdominal (0.7%) imaging. Of the cases requiring nonroutine communication, 39 (4%) yielded consensus that the guidelines were not appropriately followed: 21% (n = 8) involved level 1 findings (critical), 41% (n = 16) involved level 2 findings (acute), and 38% (n = 15) involved level 3 findings (nonacute). Failures of communication involving level 1 findings primarily involved neurologic imaging, including 4 cases of new cerebral infarct and 3 cases of new intracranial hemorrhage. Conclusions: Established guidelines for nonroutine communication are appropriately applied and durable, underscoring the high yield of formalizing and implementing these guidelines across practice settings.