AFTERGLOW OBSERVATIONS OF FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE GAMMA-RAY BURSTS AND THE EMERGING CLASS OF HYPER-ENERGETIC EVENTS

被引：146

作者：

Cenko, S. B. ^{[1
]}

Frail, D. A. ^{[2
]}

Harrison, F. A. ^{[3
]}

Haislip, J. B. ^{[4
]}

Reichart, D. E. ^{[4
]}

Butler, N. R. ^{[1
]}

Cobb, B. E. ^{[1
]}

Cucchiara, A. ^{[1
,5
]}

Berger, E. ^{[6
]}

Bloom, J. S. ^{[1
]}

Chandra, P. ^{[7
]}

Fox, D. B. ^{[5
]}

Perley, D. A. ^{[1
]}

Prochaska, J. X. ^{[8
]}

Filippenko, A. V. ^{[1
]}

Glazebrook, K. ^{[9
]}

Ivarsen, K. M. ^{[4
]}

Kasliwal, M. M. ^{[10
]}

Kulkarni, S. R. ^{[10
]}

LaCluyze, A. P. ^{[4
]}

Lopez, S. ^{[11
]}

Morgan, A. N. ^{[1
]}

Pettini, M. ^{[12
,13
]}

Rana, V. R. ^{[3
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[2] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA

[3] CALTECH, Space Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[4] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA

[5] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[6] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[7] Royal Mil Coll Canada, Dept Phys, Kingston, ON, Canada

[8] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, UCO Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA

[9] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia

[10] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[11] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile

[12] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England

[13] Univ Western Australia, Int Ctr Radio Astron Res, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2011年 / 732卷 / 01期

基金：

美国国家航空航天局; 美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

cosmology: observations; gamma-ray burst: general; radio continuum: general; SOUTHERN SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS; NEUTRINO PAIR ANNIHILATION; FOLLOW-UP OBSERVATIONS; BROAD-BAND AFTERGLOW; X-RAY; LIGHT-CURVES; RADIO AFTERGLOW; PRE-SWIFT; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; SPECTRAL COMPONENT;

D O I：

10.1088/0004-637X/732/1/29

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We present broadband (radio, optical, and X-ray) light curves and spectra of the afterglows of four long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs; GRBs 090323, 090328, 090902B, and 090926A) detected by the Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor and Large Area Telescope (LAT) instruments on the Fermi satellite. With its wide spectral bandpass, extending to GeV energies, Fermi is sensitive to GRBs with very large isotropic energy releases (10(54) erg). Although rare, these events are particularly important for testing GRB central-engine models. When combined with spectroscopic redshifts, our afterglow data for these four events are able to constrain jet collimation angles, the density structure of the circumburst medium, and both the true radiated energy release and the kinetic energy of the outflows. In agreement with our earlier work, we find that the relativistic energy budget of at least one of these events (GRB 090926A) exceeds the canonical value of 10(51) erg by an order of magnitude. Such energies pose a severe challenge for models in which the GRB is powered by a magnetar or a neutrino-driven collapsar, but remain compatible with theoretical expectations for magnetohydrodynamical collapsar models (e. g., the Blandford-Znajek mechanism). Our jet opening angles (theta) are similar to those found for pre-Fermi GRBs, but the large initial Lorentz factors (Gamma(0)) inferred from the detection of GeV photons imply theta Gamma(0) approximate to 70-90, values which are above those predicted in magnetohydrodynamic models of jet acceleration. Finally, we find that these Fermi-LAT events preferentially occur in a low-density circumburst environment, and we speculate that this might result from the lower mass-loss rates of their lower-metallicity progenitor stars. Future studies of Fermi-LAT afterglows at radio wavelengths with the order-of-magnitude improvement in sensitivity offered by the Extended Very Large Array should definitively establish the relativistic energy budgets of these events.

引用

页数：27

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