Conditions of chondrule formation in ordinary chondrites

Chondrules are sub-millimetric spheroids that are ubiquitous in chondrites and whose formation mechanism remains elusive. Textural and oxygen isotopic characteristics of chondrules in carbonaceous chondrites (CCs) suggest that they result from the recycling of isotopically heterogeneous early-condensed precursors via gas-melt interactions. Here, we report high-resolution X-ray elemental maps and in situ O isotopic analyses of FeO-poor, olivine-rich chondrules from ordinary chondrites (OCs) to compare the conditions of chondrule formation in these two main classes of chondrites. OC chondrules show minor element (e.g., Ti, Al) zonings at both the chondrule and individual olivine grain scales. Considering the entire isotopic data set, our data define a mass-independent correlation, with olivine grains showing O isotopic variations spanning more than 40%. Though O-16-rich relict olivine grains were identified in OC chondrules, they are much less abundant than in CC chondrules. They appear as two types: (i) those with low minor element abundances and Delta O-17 < -15% and (ii) those with varying minor element abundances and less negative Delta O-17 values averaging -5.5%. The host olivine grains exhibit mass-dependent O isotopic variations within individual chondrules. Our results reveal that similar processes (precursor recycling and interactions between chondrule melts and a SiO- and Mg-rich gas) established the observed features of OC and CC chondrules. The mass-dependent isotopic variations recorded by host olivine grains result from kinetic effects induced by complex evaporation/recondensation processes during the gasmelt interactions. This suggests that OC chondrules formed through enhanced recycling processes, in good agreement with the lower abundances of relict olivine grains in OC chondrules compared to CC chondrules. We use the Delta O-18 = Delta O-18 - delta O-17 parameter to demonstrate that there is no genetic relationship between CC and OC chondrules, suggesting limited radial transport in the protoplanetary disk. Finally, to the first order, the Delta O-18-Delta O-17 diagram may allow the non-carbonaceous vs. carbonaceous origin of a given chondrule to be deciphered. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.