Assessing Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans in Air across Latin American Countries Using Polyurethane Foam Disk Passive Air Samplers

被引:40
作者
Schuster, Jasmin K. [1 ]
Harner, Tom [1 ]
Fillmann, Gilberto [2 ]
Ahrens, Lutz [1 ]
Altamirano, Jorgelina C. [3 ,4 ]
Aristizabal, Beatriz [5 ]
Bastos, Wanderley [6 ]
Eugenia Castillo, Luisa [7 ]
Cortes, Johana [5 ]
Fentanes, Oscar [8 ]
Gusev, Alexey [9 ]
Hernandez, Maricruz [10 ]
Villa Ibarra, Martin [11 ]
Lana, Nerina B. [3 ,4 ]
Lee, Sum Chi [1 ]
Patricia Martinez, Ana [8 ]
Miglioranza, Karina S. B. [12 ]
Padilla Puerta, Andrea [13 ]
Segovia, Federico [10 ]
Siu, May [14 ]
Tominaga, Maria Yumiko [15 ]
机构
[1] Environm Canada, Air Qual Proc Res Sect, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada
[2] Univ Fed Rio Grande, Inst Oceanog, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
[3] Univ Nacl Cuyo, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, RA-5500 Mendoza, Argentina
[4] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Argentino Nivol Glaciol & Ciencias Ambiental, Lab Quim Ambiental, Mendoza, Argentina
[5] Univ Nacl Colombia, Manizales, Colombia
[6] Univ Fed Rondonia, Lab Biogeoquim Ambiental, Porto Velho, Brazil
[7] Cent Amer Inst Studies Tox Subst, Heredia, Costa Rica
[8] CENICA INE, Naucalpan De Juarez, Mexico
[9] MSC E, Moscow, Russia
[10] Minist Ambiente Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
[11] Inst Tecnol Super Cajeme, Cajeme, Sonora, Mexico
[12] Univ Nacl Mar del Plata, CONICET, Mar El Plata, Argentina
[13] Univ Nacl Colombia, Arauca, Colombia
[14] Environm Canada, Atmospher Sci & Technol Directorate, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada
[15] CETESB, Sao Paulo, Brazil
关键词
PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; PCDD/FS; PCBS; ATMOSPHERE; DEPOSITION; FURANS;
D O I
10.1021/es506071n
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
A passive air sampling network has been established to investigate polychlorinated dibenzo-p-clioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) at Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling (GAPS) sites and six additional sites in the Group of Latin American and Caribbean Countries (GRULAC) region. The air sampling network covers background, agricultural, rural, and urban sites. Samples have been collected over four consecutive periods of 6 months, which started in January 2011 [period 1 (January to June 2011), period 2 (July to December 2011), period 3 (January to June 2012), and period 4 (July 2012 to January 2013)]. Results show that (i) the GAPS passive samplers (PUF disk type) and analytical methodology are adequate for measuring PCDD/F burdens in air and (ii) PCDD/F concentrations in air across the GRULAC region are widely variable by almost 2 orders of magnitude. The highest concentrations in air of Z(4-8)PCDD/Fs were found at the urban site Sao Luis (Brazil, UR) (i.e., 2560 fg/m(3)) followed by the sites in sao Paulo (Brazil, UR), Mendoza (Argentina, RU), and Sonora (Mexico, AG) with values of 1690, 1660, and 1610 fg/m3, respectively. Very low concentrations of PCDD/Fs in air were observed at the background site Tapanti (Costa Rica, BA), 10.8 fg/m(3). This variability is attributed to differences in site characteristics and potential local/regional sources as well as meteorological influences. The measurements of PCDD/Fs in air agree well with model-predicted concentrations performed using the Global EMEP Multimedia Modeling System (GLEMOS) and emission scenario constructed on the basis of the UNEP Stockholm Convention inventory of dioxin and furan emissions.
引用
收藏
页码:3680 / 3686
页数:7
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