Lessons from Vienna: stakeholder perceptions of functional electrical stimulation technology and a conceptual model for practice

Aim: Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a technology that can be used on paralyzed muscles to allow them to move. It has been used in populations with muscle paralysis or weakness for exercise, such as spinal cord injury (SCI) and multiple sclerosis. In order to improve technology, it is vital to understand from a qualitative perspective, issues surrounding device development and implementation. Materials and Methods: In 2016, a study was conducted at the Medical University of Vienna that sought to unravel perspectives of FES exercise from the perspective of clinicians, engineers and researchers. Semi-structured, qualitative interviews were conducted on a sample of participants from the conference (n = 22). Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and text data were analysed. Results: Following this analysis, a conceptual model of FES application in the home environment was derived. We show that the likelihood of continuing FES over time may be influenced by expectations and initial education, as perceived by stakeholders. Conclusion: This model provides a tool by which researchers or clinicians may implement FES in the home environment and may assist in the increased uptake of FES exercise at home for people who may reap benefits from its use.