Acacetin inhibits VEGF expression, tumor angiogenesis and growth through AKT/HIF-1α pathway

Acacetin (5.7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone) is a flavone compound, some of which have anti-cancerous effects. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in angiogenesis and tumor growth. In this study, we found that acacetin decreased the steady level of VEGF mRNA level and inhibited VEGF transcriptional activation. To further determine the potential mechanism of acacetin in inhibiting VEGF expression, we showed that acacetin inhibited HIF-1 alpha expression and AKT activation. Overexpression of HIF-1 alpha or AKT restored acacetin-decreasing VEGF transcriptional activation, indicating that AKT and HIF-1 are the essential downstream targets of acacetin for inhibiting VEGF expression in the cells. Moreover, acacetin significantly inhibited ovarian cancer cell-induced angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo through inhibiting HIF-1 alpha and VEGF expression. Acacetin did not change HIF-1 alpha mRNA level, but inhibited HIF-1 alpha protein level through increasing its degradation and decreasing its stability. These results indicate that acacetin may be a useful natural compound for ovarian cancer prevention and treatment. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.