Molecular data support a rapid radiation of aphids in the Cretaceous and multiple origins of host alternation

被引:186
作者
Von Dohlen, CD [1 ]
Moran, NA
机构
[1] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, UMC 5305, Logan, UT 84322 USA
[2] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
complex life cycles; fossil aphids; fundatrix specialization; host alternation; host shifts; mitochondrial ribosomal DNA;
D O I
10.1006/bijl.2000.0470
中图分类号
Q [生物科学];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Many aphids display a remarkably complex life cycle of host alternation, in which cyclical parthenogenesis is combined with the obligate use of two unrelated host plants. We used mitochondrial ribosomal DNA (partial 12S and 16S) sequences to reconstruct the phylogeny of aphids, to determine how many origins of host alternation and correlated major host-plant shifts have occurred. Our results agreed with previous morphological studies in that species clustered with good support at. the level of tribes. There was little well-supported phylogenetic structure at levels deeper than tribes, however, except for the monophyly of two subfamilies, Aphidinae and Lachninae. We argue that aphids experienced a rapid radiation at the tribal level, after host shifting from gymnosperms to angiosperms. A rapid radiation is consistent with aphid fossils, which record the presence of few subfamilies in the late Cretaceous, but most extant tribes by the early Tertiary. Plant fossils also record host plants of aphid tribes diversifying during this time. A hypothesized mechanism by which host alternation has evolved (fundatrix specialization), coupled with the rapid radiation, implies that this life cycle may have originated as often as in the ancestor of each tribe that displays it. We also consider, however, an alternative hypothesis of fewer origins. The basal radiation of Aphididae was dated from molecular sequences to have occurred at approximately 80-150 Mya. (C) 2000 The Linnean Society of London.
引用
收藏
页码:689 / 717
页数:29
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