Association between sleep duration and cardiovascular disease specific mortality: A meta-analysis

Backgrounds: In this systemic review and meta-analysis, we concentrated on the association between sleep duration and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality because existing studies results were inconsistent. Methods: We searched for articles published before December 2021 in databases (PubMed and Web of Science). We used STATA 12.0 software to compute hazard ratios (HRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to create a pooled effect size and 95% CI. Results: The meta-analysis showed that short sleep duration (<7 hours/day) was associated with an increased CVD specific mortality, compared to normal sleep duration with a random effects model (HR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.16, I2 = 38.6%, p = 0.002). The meta-analysis showed that long sleep duration (>7 hours/day) was associated with an increased CVD specific mortality, compared to normal sleep duration with a random effects model (HR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.29, I2 = 65.2%, p < 0.001).Conclusions: We found that sleep duration that is either too short or too long is significantly associated with higher risk of CVD mortality. More relevant factors about sleep are needed to be evaluated on the associations between sleep and CVD. Further large-scale, well-designed, randomized controlled trials are needed to explore the associations.