Still With Me? Assessing the Persisting Relationship to a Deceased Loved-One-Validation of the "Continuing Bonds Scale" in a German Population

被引:8
作者
Hopf, Dora [1 ,2 ]
Eckstein, Monika [1 ,2 ]
Ditzen, Beate [1 ,2 ]
Aguilar-Raab, Corina [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Heidelberg Univ Hosp, Inst Med Psychol, Heidelberg, Germany
[2] Ruprecht Karls Univ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
关键词
Continuing Bonds Scale; prolonged grief disorder; attachment; posttraumatic personal growth; bereavement complicated grief; PROLONGED GRIEF DISORDER; COMPLICATED GRIEF; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH; BEREAVEMENT; ATTACHMENT; ADJUSTMENT; DEPRESSION; HEALTH; INVENTORY;
D O I
10.1177/00302228221076622
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
Continuing the bond (CB) to a deceased loved one plays a clinically significant role in grief. We validated the Continuing Bonds Scale (CBS) examining externalized CB (illusions and hallucinations) versus internalized CB (use of the deceased as a secure base) in relation to risk factors of complicated grief and bereavement-related adjustment. Data from 364 bereaved German participants on CBS, Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), and Posttraumatic Personal Growth Inventory (PPGI) entered an exploratory factor analysis. This yielded a two-factor-solution representing externalized and internalized CB (KMO = .89, chi 2 = 2100.5, df = 120). Both factors demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .87). ICG and PPGI highly correlated with externalized and internalized CB. Cause of death and feelings of responsibility were associated with externalized CB. In the future, the use of the CBS could help predict problems in grief processing and consequently implement early interventions.
引用
收藏
页码:623 / 648
页数:26
相关论文
共 71 条
[1]   Midlife suicide risk, partner's psychiatric illness, spouse and child bereavement by suicide or other modes of death: a gender specific study [J].
Agerbo, E .
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH, 2005, 59 (05) :407-412
[2]  
BENTLER PM, 1990, PSYCHOL BULL, V107, P238, DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
[3]   Clinical and biological aspects of bereavement and loss-induced depression: A reappraisal [J].
Biondi, M ;
Picardi, A .
PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS, 1996, 65 (05) :229-245
[4]   Comforting Versus Distressing Dreams of the Deceased: Relations to Grief, Trauma, Attachment, Continuing Bonds, and Post-Dream Reactions [J].
Black, Joshua ;
Belicki, Kathryn ;
Piro, Robert ;
Hughes, Hannah .
OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING, 2021, 84 (02) :525-550
[5]   The influence of symptoms of prolonged grief disorder, depression, and anxiety on quality of life among bereaved adults [J].
Boelen, Paul A. ;
Prigerson, Holly G. .
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE, 2007, 257 (08) :444-452
[6]  
Bollen KA., 1989, Structural Equations with Latent Variables, P1
[7]   Is there more to complicated grief than depression and posttraumatic stress disorder? A test of incremental validity [J].
Bonanno, George A. ;
Neria, Yuval ;
Mancini, Anthony ;
Coifman, Karin G. ;
Litz, Brett ;
Insel, Beverly .
JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY, 2007, 116 (02) :342-351
[8]  
Bowlby J., 1980, LOSS SADNESS DEPRESS
[9]   ALTERNATIVE WAYS OF ASSESSING MODEL FIT [J].
BROWNE, MW ;
CUDECK, R .
SOCIOLOGICAL METHODS & RESEARCH, 1992, 21 (02) :230-258
[10]   Gender differences in the effects of bereavement-related psychological distress in health outcomes [J].
Chen, JH ;
Bierhals, AJ ;
Prigerson, HG ;
Kasl, SV ;
Mazure, CM ;
Jacobs, S .
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE, 1999, 29 (02) :367-380