Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in HIV infection

Interactions between the Fc segment of IgG and its receptors (Fc gamma Rs) found on cells such as natural killer cells, monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils can potentially mediate antiviral effects in the setting of HIV and related infections. We review the potential role of Fc gamma R interactions in HIV, SIV and SHIV infections, with an emphasis on antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Notably, these viruses employ various strategies, including CD4 down-regulation and BST-2/tetherin antagonism to limit the effect of ADCC. Although correlative data suggest that ADCC participates in both protection and control of established infection, there is little direct evidence in support of either role. Direct evidence does, however, implicate an Fc gamma R-dependent function in augmenting the beneficial in-vivo activity of neutralizing antibodies. Copyright (C) 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.