Repeated exposure to temperature variation exacerbates airway inflammation through TRPA1 in a mouse model of asthma

Background and objective Studies from epidemiology suggest that ambient temperature is one of the underlying triggers and potential causes of asthma. The aim of this study was to examine the impact and the molecular mechanism of temperature-invoked airway inflammation using an experimental model of asthma in BALB/c mice. Methods Mice were exposed to different temperature conditions (steady 26 degrees C, 26 degrees C/18 degrees C cycle, 26 degrees C/10 degrees C cycle) and received sensitization and challenge of ovalbumin (OVA) during a 21-day period. HC030031, a selective transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) channel blocker, was used to investigate the underlying mechanism of TRPA1 in 'asthmatic' airways. After the final OVA challenge, in vivo lung function was measured, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and pulmonary inflammation were assessed. Results The temperature variations, especially the largest temperature difference (16 degrees C), exacerbated airway inflammation in OVA-induced mice, increasing the levels of serum total-IgE (immunoglobulin E) and IgG1, inflammatory cells and cytokines in BALF. Analysis of histopathological changes and lung function verified that repeated exposure to very cold and changed temperatures aggravated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Significant upregulation of TRPA1 expression was revealed by immunohistochemistry in the presence of the largest temperature variation (26 degrees C/10 degrees C cycle), while administration of HC030031 successfully inhibited TRPA1 expression, thus attenuating the asthma-like pathological features. Conclusion Repeated exposure to temperature variation exacerbated experimental 'asthma' and TRPA1 mediated this temperature-dependent inflammatory effect.