Improving HIV medication adherence among forced migrants living with HIV: a qualitative study of refugees and asylum seekers in Malaysia

Introduction Adherence to medication regimens is essential to decrease morbidity/mortality and increase life expectancy among HIV positive persons on Highly Active Anti-retroviral Therapy (HAART). This study was born in response to the absence of information regarding access and adherence to HAART among refugee and asylum seekers in urban, irregular, transit country settings. Objectives The purpose was to understand the barriers and facilitators to HIV medication adherence among refugees and asylum seekers living with HIV and to generate novel recommendations to facilitate adherence. Methods Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 34 refugees and asylum seeks to explore their lived experiences. Interviews were structured around the social ecological model to capture influences of multiple levels. Thematic analysis was conducted on transcripts. Results Stigma, lack of knowledge and language barriers were among the main barriers noted by refugees and asylum-seekers in relation to HIV medication adherence, whereas interpersonal relationships, improved health, and strong patient-physician relationships were seen as facilitators. Participants noted their desire for community-support groups, education, and increased use of interpreters in order to combat some of the social barriers preventing full HIV medication adherence. Conclusion A regular status shapes participants' adherence to HIV medications. Group-based interventions to support refugees are needed.