Simulating the SOA formation of isoprene from partitioning and aerosol phase reactions in the presence of inorganics

The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) produced by the photooxidation of isoprene with and without inorganic seed is simulated using the Unified Partitioning Aerosol Phase Reaction (UNIPAR) model. Recent work has found the SOA formation of isoprene to be sensitive to both aerosol acidity ([H+], molaEuro-L-1) and aerosol liquid water content (LWC) with the presence of either leading to significant aerosol phase organic mass generation and large growth in SOA yields (Y-SOA). Classical partitioning models alone are insufficient to predict isoprene SOA formation due to the high volatility of photooxidation products and sensitivity of their mass yields to variations in inorganic aerosol composition. UNIPAR utilizes the chemical structures provided by a near-explicit chemical mechanism to estimate the thermodynamic properties of the gas phase products, which are lumped based on their calculated vapor pressure (eight groups) and aerosol phase reactivity (six groups). UNIPAR then determines the SOA formation of each lumping group from both partitioning and aerosol phase reactions (oligomerization, acid-catalyzed reactions and organosulfate formation) assuming a single homogeneously mixed organic-inorganic phase as a function of inorganic composition and VOCaEuro-a center dot aEuro-NOx (VOC - volatile organic compound). The model is validated using isoprene photooxidation experiments performed in the dual, outdoor University of Florida Atmospheric PHotochemical Outdoor Reactor (UF APHOR) chambers. UNIPAR is able to predict the experimental SOA formation of isoprene without seed, with H2SO4 seed gradually titrated by ammonia, and with the acidic seed generated by SO2 oxidation. Oligomeric mass is predicted to account for more than 65aEuro-% of the total organic mass formed in all cases and over 85aEuro-% in the presence of strongly acidic seed. The model is run to determine the sensitivity of Y-SOA to [H+], LWC and VOCaEuro-a center dot aEuro-NOx, and it is determined that the SOA formation of isoprene is most strongly related to [H+] but is dynamically related to all three parameters. For VOCaEuro-a center dot aEuro-NO(x)aEuro- > aEuro-10, with increasing NOx both experimental and simulated Y-SOA increase and are found to be more sensitive to [H+] and LWC. For atmospherically relevant conditions, Y-SOA is found to be more than 150aEuro-% higher in partially titrated acidic seeds (NH4HSO4) than in effloresced inorganics or in isoprene only.