FLUORIDATED AND NON-FLUORIDATED TOOTHPASTES AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET: A CASE STUDY OF THE NORTH WEST REGION OF PAKISTAN

被引:0
作者
Sadiq [1 ]
Sarker, Nazirul Islam [2 ]
Ahmad, Muhammad Salman [2 ]
Memonc, Nazakat Hussain [3 ]
机构
[1] Neijiang Normal Univ, Sch Econ & Management, Neijiang 641100, Peoples R China
[2] Neijiang Normal Univ, Sch Polit Sci & Publ Adm, Neijiang 641100, Peoples R China
[3] Neijiang Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Neijiang 641100, Peoples R China
关键词
Children; Fluoride; Labelling; Pakistan; Toothpaste; DRINKING-WATER; DENTAL-CARIES; CHILDREN; FLUOROSIS; BEHAVIOR; KNOWLEDGE; ATTITUDES;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
R1 [预防医学、卫生学];
学科分类号
1004 ; 120402 ;
摘要
Fluoride is used both systemically and topically to prevent and treat dental caries but has the potential to cause adverse health effects. Knowing the amount of fluoride in toothpaste is important for estimating risk. The aim of the present study was to examine the labelling of toothpastes, both fluoridated and non-fluoridated, in the market in the North West Region of Pakistan with respect to availability, country of origin, fluoride content, and recommendations for use. Twenty-four toothpastes were identified of which 6 (25%) were recommended for use in children, 3 (12.5%) were for use in both children and adults, and 15 (62.5%) did not specify which age group they were intended for. One toothpaste was labelled with the statement that children below age of seven should use a very small portion of the toothpaste. Almost half of the toothpastes are portrayed as being a remedy for tooth and gum related problems such as tooth decay, tooth sensitivity, tooth whitening, and stain removal including stains due to smoking. Sixteen (66.6%) toothpastes were imported and eight (33.3%) were made in Pakistan. Seventeen (71%) of the toothpastes contained fluoride (sodium monofluorophosphate: 9, sodium fluoride: 5, stannous fluoride: 2, and unspecified: 1). The fluoride concentration was given as a percentage in 10, as mg/g in 1, and not given in 6. It was observed that the toothpastes did not have uniformity or complete information in their labelling and that the responsible authorities should take action to ensure proper labelling.
引用
收藏
页码:283 / 292
页数:10
相关论文
共 38 条
  • [1] Knowledge, Attitude, and Barriers to Fluoride Application as a Preventive Measure among Oral Health Care Providers
    Akbar, Aqdar A.
    Al-Sumait, Noura
    Al-Yahya, Hanan
    Sabti, Mohammad Y.
    Qudeimat, Muawia A.
    [J]. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY, 2018, 2018
  • [2] Fluoride Content, Cost and Labelling of Commercially Available Toothpastes in Malaysia
    Anis, Juwairiah Wafa
    Hamid, Mohammad Haniff Abdul
    Nor, Norasmiha Mohd
    Nor, Nor Azlida Mohd
    [J]. ARCHIVES OF OROFACIAL SCIENCE, 2019, 14 (02): : 112 - 130
  • [3] [Anonymous], 1984, WHO EMERGENCY HLTH K, P1
  • [4] Evidence-based clinical recommendations regarding fluoride intake from reconstituted infant formula and enamel fluorosis A report of the American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs
    Berg, Joel
    Gerweck, Catherine
    Hujoel, Philippe P.
    King, Rebecca
    Krol, David M.
    Kumar, Jayanth
    Levy, Steven
    Pollick, Howard
    Whitford, Gary M.
    Strock, Sheila
    Aravamudhan, Krishna
    Frantsve-Hawley, Julie
    Meyer, Daniel M.
    [J]. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION, 2011, 142 (01) : 79 - 87
  • [5] The relationships between fluoride intake levels and fluorosis of late-erupting permanent teeth
    Bhagavatula, Pradeep
    Curtis, Alexandra
    Broffitt, Barbara
    Weber-Gasparoni, Karin
    Warren, John
    Levy, Steven M.
    [J]. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, 2018, 78 (02) : 165 - 174
  • [6] Borremans M., 2008, International Journal of Cosmetic Science, V30, P145, DOI 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2008.00425.x
  • [7] A school-based fluoride mouth rinsing programme in Sarawak: a 3-year field study
    Chen, Catherine Jean-Ai
    Ling, Kwok Sung
    Esa, Rashidah
    Chia, Jit Chie
    Eddy, Andrew
    Yaw, Siew Lian
    [J]. COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, 2010, 38 (04) : 310 - 314
  • [8] Dani V, 2013, PAC BUS REV INT, V5, P48
  • [9] Hagen A R, 1974, Nor Tannlaegeforen Tid, V84, P56
  • [10] Holt R., 1996, INT J PAEDIATR DENT, V6, P139