Cognitive emotion regulation in the prediction of depression and submissive behavior: Gender and grade level differences in Turkish adolescents

The purpose of this research was to study the gender and grade level differences (a) in the use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies (b) with regard to the relationship between use of cognitive emotion strategies and depression, and (c) with regard to the relationship between use of cognitive emotion strategies and submissive behavior. Females reported to use Rumination more often than males while Positive refocusing, Refocus on planning and Positive reappraisal were found to be reported more often by males. In females, higher extents of reporting Blaming others were related to depression, whereas in males higher extents of Self-blame and Rumination were related to depression. In both genders higher extents of reporting Catastrophizing were found to be related to depression. In both genders Rumination was found to be a strong predictor of submissive behavior(C) 2010 Elsevier