Ionic liquids-based monolithic columns: Recent advancements and their applications for high-efficiency separation and enrichment

Because of their excellent physicochemical characteristics, ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely reported as new monomers to fabricate versatile monolithic columns with improved separation efficiency and excellent selectivity. In this study, a systematic summary of the recently reported ILs-based monolithic columns was performed. We paid much attention to the characteristics of the introduced ILs as well as the fabrication methods for the monolithic columns. Furthermore, the ILs-based monolithic columns were respectively discussed based on their applications in high performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrochromatography and solid phase extraction. Moreover, ILs as the porogenic solution for fabrication of monolithic columns were also included. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.